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Record W2151843635 · doi:10.5589/m03-030

Simulating the effects of lidar scanning angle for estimation of mean tree height and canopy closure

2003· article· en· W2151843635 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueCanadian Journal of Remote Sensing · 2003
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicRemote Sensing and LiDAR Applications
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCanopyLidarClosure (psychology)EstimationGeographyTree (set theory)Tree canopyRemote sensingEnvironmental scienceMathematicsEngineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract A three-dimensional simulation model was used for modeling the scanning angle effect when measuring tree height and canopy closure in boreal forest with a laser scanner. The height distribution of the laser returns and the proportion of laser returns from the canopy were simulated using ray-tracing applied to a computer modeled forest. The proportion of canopy returns is commonly used as a measure of canopy closure, and height percentiles are commonly used to estimate mean tree height. Laser scanner data and field measurements of tree position, tree height, crown diameter, and crown base height were used for validating the simulation model. The correlation coefficient between simulated and real laser height percentiles was 0.96 and the simulation model systematically overestimated the laser height percentiles by 2.25 m. Simulations show that laser height percentiles and proportion of canopy returns changed more with an increased scanning angle for long crown species like spruce, compared with short crown species like pine. The change of height percentiles due to scanning angle was greater in forests with low stem numbers than with high stem numbers. The proportion of canopy returns was more affected by scanning angle than were the laser height percentiles. Un modèle de simulation tridimensionnel a été utilisé pour modéliser l'effet de l'angle de balayage dans la mesure de la hauteur des arbres et de la fermeture du couvert en forêt boréale à l'aide d'un balayeur laser. La distribution des hauteurs des retours laser et la proportion des retours laser du couvert ont été simulées en appliquant la technique du lancer de rayons sur une forêt modélisée à l'ordinateur. La proportion de retours laser est couramment utilisée comme mesure de la fermeture du couvert et les percentiles de hauteur sont couramment utilisés pour estimer la hauteur moyenne des arbres. Des données d'un balayeur laser et des mesures de terrain sur la position des arbres, la hauteur des arbres, le diamètre de la couronne et la hauteur à la base de la couronne ont été utilisées pour valider le modèle de simulation. Le coefficient de corrélation entre les percentiles simulés et ceux des hauteurs réelles laser était de 0,96 et le modèle de simulation a systématiquement surestimé les percentiles de hauteur laser par 2,25 m. Les simulations montrent que les percentiles de hauteur laser et la proportion de retours du couvert ont changé davantage avec l'accroissement de l'angle de balayage dans le cas des espèces à couronne longue comme l'épinette, comparativement aux espèces à couronne courte comme le pin. Les changements dans les percentiles de hauteur dus à l'angle de balayage étaient plus grands dans les forêts ayant un nombre de tiges faibles que dans le cas de celles qui présentaient un nombre de tiges plus grand. La proportion de retours du couvert était plus affectée par l'angle de balayage que ne l'étaient les percentiles de hauteur laser.[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Other design · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.945
Threshold uncertainty score0.688

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.008
GPT teacher head0.222
Teacher spread0.214 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it