Height-dependent meteor temperatures and comparisons with lidar and OH measurements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new method is introduced that allows meteor radars to potentially produce height-dependent temperatures, rather than simply averages over the meteor region. The method is applied to data from the Clovar radar, near London, Ontario, and then a three-way comparison between Rayleigh lidar temperatures, hydroxyl temperatures, and meteor temperatures is undertaken. The three methods prove to be complementary. The OH measurements have good accuracy, but suffer slightly from lack of precise knowledge about their height and the fact that they are effectively integrated over the depth of the OH layer. The lidar temperatures are measured at well-defined altitudes and have better accuracy than the meteor method. The meteor temperatures have the largest errors, but still provide sufficient accuracy for many types of atmospheric studies, and have the advantage that these measurements can be made 24 h a day and in all sky conditions (including during cloud and strong sunlight and moonlight). The measurements from these instruments are complementary in that they are useful for studying the temperature on different time and altitude scales. PACS No.: 94.10.Dy
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".