Roselle Calyces Particle Size Effect on the Physicochemical and Phytochemicals Characteristics
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
<p>The effect of average particle size (APS), type of solvent, and extraction times (ET) on the physicochemical (moisture, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity, color, water activity (<em>a<sub>w</sub></em>), density), and phytochemical (total anthocyanins and phenols content)propertiesin <em>Hibiscus sabdariffa</em> (Roselle) calyces was analyzed. The phytochemical properties evaluation was performed using a factorial design 2×3×3: two APS (median diameters, d<sub>50</sub>, of 0.55 ± 0.016 (fine powder) and 0.97 ± 0.034 (ground powder) mm), three solvents (water, 2% citric acid, and 50% ethanol) and three ET (30, 45, and 60 min). All extractions were performed at 50 °C. The APS was determined by sieve analysis using Tyler sieves of different number of mesh. Regarding physicochemical properties, no significant differences (p &gt; 0.05) were observed in moisture content, pH, and titratable acidity; however, the 0.55 mm fine powder (FP) of <em>Hibiscus</em> calyces had lower <em>a<sub>w</sub></em>(0.37±0.01) and higher TSS (5.53±0.05%) than the 0.97 mm ground powder (GP). The extracts obtained fromGP showed a deeper red color than those of FP. The best combination of independent variables, in order to obtain the highest concentration of anthocyanins (451.4±28.1 mg/100 g d.s.) and total phenols (2016.2 ± 159.8 mg/100 g d.s.) were APS of 0.55 mm, 50% ethanol, and ETof 30 min.</p>
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it