Impact of hydroelectric power releases on the morphology and sedimentology of the bed of the Warche River (Belgium)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Butgenbach dam on the Warche River was built in 1932 in order to maintain a sufficient supply of water to the Robertville reservoir situated 7 km downstream, for the production of hydroelectricity. During winter months, releases are made almost every day from the Butgenbach dam. From a hydrological point of view, this has resulted in significantly reducing the number of discharges that are higher than bankfull. Despite the reduction in peak discharge, there is a significant increase in the number of efficient discharges (0·6 bankfull). The impacts of these hydrological modifications on the bed morphology and sedimentology below the Butgenbach dam have been studied and the following geomorphological modifications have been identified: a doubling of the width of the channel in 45 years, a reduction in the number of riffles and pools, an increase in the number of gravel bars and islets and an increase in bedrock outcrops in the channel. Moreover, the finest bed particles are mobilized by the almost daily releases, inducing a significant increase in bed‐material size sorting. The reduction of sinuosity and the disappearance of bed differentiation and riffle/pool sequences have produced a diminution of bed roughness and an increase of the competence of the river. Thus relatively small floods can remove the armoured layer. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".