CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Activate Innate Immune Response that Suppresses Infectious Bronchitis Virus Replication in Chicken Embryos
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The understanding of innate immune modulation by pathogens and immune-modulating agents, including synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs), has offered several new approaches to improve prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against infectious diseases in humans and animals. However, in this regard not much work has been done in avian medicine. In the present study, we analyzed the kinetics of interferon (IFN), cytokine, and chemokine mRNA expression in chicken embryonic spleen at 6 hr, 24 hr, 48 hr, and 72 hr after administration of CpG ODN 2007 (B-class) in 18-day-old chicken embryos. Our data showed enhanced expression of IFN-gamma; interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-8; and oligoadenyl synthetase A mRNA after CpG ODN administration. In addition, CpG ODN administration to chicken embryos 24 hr before the challenge with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was capable of limiting IBV propagation in different embryonic tissues. Based on the kinetics and type of cytokines induced after in ovo administration of CpG ODN, it may be speculated that in ovo administration of CpG ODNs may enhance resistance from viral infection in neonatal chicks and that CpG ODNs may contribute toward the development of more effective and safer poultry vaccines including in ovo vaccines.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it