IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF PREADIPOCYTE FACTOR‐1: POTENTIAL MARKER OF PREADIPOCYTES IN BOVINE MUSCLE TISSUE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to develop an immunohistochemical technique to locate preadipocytes in bovine muscle tissue. Preadipocyte factor‐1 (pref‐1) is a transmembrane protein that is part of the family of epidermal growth factor‐like repeat‐containing proteins that are involved in cell fate determination. Pref‐1 is highly expressed in preadipocytes, but expression is completely abolished during differentiation into an adipocyte. In the present study, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that bovine intramuscular adipose tissue contains the three splice forms of pref‐1 (A, C2 and E). Western blots were used to confirm that the protein for pref‐1 was expressed in intramuscular adipose tissue. Polyclonal antibodies against pref‐1 were tested against a cell culture of bovine preadipocytes from an embryo source to confirm that the antibody would immunolocate bovine preadipocytes. The antibody was applied to sections of longissimus dorsi muscle from Charolais and Holstein cattle. Immunohistochemical results showed that pref‐1 is expressed in the perimycium near mature adipocytes and blood vessels. The pool size of preadipocytes appeared to be low. Previous reports, however, have demonstrated that preadipocytes are known to divide and/or migrate, providing a potentially endless source of adipogenic precursor cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".