A case history of experimental time-lapse 3C 2D seismic reflection data for reservoir monitoring at Cold Lake, Alberta, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We processed, interpreted, and analyzed experimental time-lapse converted-wave 2D-seismic reflection data that were acquired across a bitumen field undergoing cyclical steam injection and production at Cold Lake, Alberta, Canada. The purpose was to assess whether multicomponent-seismic data could be used to detect lateral and/or temporal changes caused by steam injection into the reservoir. We interpreted horizons on PP and PS sections that bracket the reservoir, and calculated VP/VS over this interval. Away from the steam injection wells, VP/VS values average 2.20±0.02 during steaming and production and are close to the theoretically predicted value of 2.21 for a cold reservoir. Near the wells, VP/VS is lower during steam injection than during production, averaging 2.11±0.02, and the lowest values are observed close to the injection wells. We attributed the changes in VP/VS to changes in the reservoir caused by the injection of steam.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".