Overexpression of Mitochondrial Citrate Synthase in Arabidopsis thaliana Improved Growth on a Phosphorus-Limited Soil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The gene for mitochondrial citrate synthase (CS) was isolated from Daucus carota (DcCS) and introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana (strain WS) using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Characteristics of citrate excretion were compared between T3 transgenic plants, which were derived from the initial transgenic plants by self-fertilization and homozygous for DcCS, and the control plants that had no DcCS. The highest CS activity 0.78 micromol protein min(-1) exhibited by the transgenic plants was about threefold greater than that found in the control plants (0.23-0.28 micromol protein min(-1)). Western analysis of the transgenic plants showed two CS signals corresponding to signals obtained from both D. carota and A. thaliana. Thus, it appears that the CS polypeptides by ectopic expression of DcCS were processed into the mature form and localized in the mitochondria of A. thaliana. The signal corresponding to the mature form of DcCS were greater in the transgenic plants having higher levels of CS activity. When the transgenic plants were grown in Al-phosphate media, a correlation between the levels of CS activity and the amounts of citrate excreted into the medium. The highest value (5.1 nmol per plant) was about 2.5-fold greater than that from control plants (1.9 nmol per plant). Both growth and P accumulation were greater in transgenic plants with high CS activity than that in control plants when they were grown on an acid soil where the availability of phosphate was low due to the formation of Al-phosphate. It appears that the overexpression of CS in A. thaliana improves the growth in phosphorous limited soil as a result of enhanced citrate excretion from the roots.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".