Traplining in hummingbirds: flying short-distance sequences among several locations
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As for other pollinators, hummingbirds have been classified as trapliners, that is, foragers that repeat the order in which they will revisit several locations. Although the study of hummingbird foraging behavior is extensive, there has been no direct evidence for the repeatability of hummingbird traplines. Here, we show that male territorial rufous hummingbirds repeated the order in which they visited artificial flowers in an array, which we increased one by one from 2 to 5 flowers. Despite the large number of possible routes that the birds could have flown around the flower arrays, the birds flew only a very small subset of routes and those routes were most often the shortest distance routes around the flowers. To our knowledge, this is the first quantitative evidence that hummingbirds do develop traplines when foraging.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it