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Record W2152535380 · doi:10.2217/14622416.9.9.1267

Pharmacogenetic Insights into Codeine Analgesia: Implications to Pediatric Codeine Use

2008· review· en· W2152535380 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenuePharmacogenomics · 2008
Typereview
Languageen
FieldPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
TopicPharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
Canadian institutionsHospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoSickKids FoundationWestern University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCodeinePharmacogeneticsPharmacogenomicsMedicineAnalgesicDrugPharmacologyGenetic variabilityBreastfeedingBioinformaticsAnesthesiaBiologyGenotypeMorphineGenePediatricsGenetics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Codeine has been used medicinally since the 1800s as an analgesic and antitussive agent. Although very few studies have methodically examined the safety of codeine use in the pediatric age group, it is nonetheless commonly prescribed to children and breastfeeding mothers. Empirical evidence over the last century has suggested variability in the efficacy of codeine, and recent genomic advancements have shed important light on the mechanisms leading to such variability. Aside from evaluating the role of genetic variability in drug-metabolizing enzymes, receptors and transporters, the development of the blood-brain-barrier and the ontogeny of drug-metabolizing enzymes must also be considered in newborns and young children.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies, Research integrity, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Research integrity, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.908
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0030.003
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0040.002
Bibliometrics0.0020.003
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0030.001
Research integrity0.0010.004
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.004

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.254
GPT teacher head0.486
Teacher spread0.232 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it