Co-layered integration and interconnect of planar circuits and nonradiative dielectric (NRD) waveguide
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A concept of hybrid integration between planar circuits and a nonradiative dielectric (NRD) waveguide is proposed in this paper with preliminary experiments. This approach utilizes co-layered arrangement of the two dissimilar structures, which allows the NRD-guide in direct contact with (or surface mounted on) the planar circuits. Two basic building-block schemes are presented that involve microstrip line and coplanar waveguide (CPW) with the NRD-guide. The first is to deposit the NRD-guide on the top of a relatively thin microstrip substrate, thus forming unbalanced NRD-guiding hybrid circuits, while the second is to design CPW circuits directly etched on the ground planes of the NRD-guide. The unbalanced NRD-guide is subject to a certain leakage loss, but at a negligible level, and it may even be suppressed completely in certain circumstances. Such an integration technique is found consistent with the concept of low loss interconnects at millimeter-wave frequencies. In other words, the NRD-guide can be used for viable interconnects of co-layered planar circuits with a simple "put and cover" procedure. Measured results of several co-layered hybrid transitions/baluns indicate that satisfactory transmission properties can readily be achieved. The new building blocks are expected to provide an alternative design approach to three-dimensional multilayered millimeter-wave circuits and systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".