Ubiquitin-Proteasome System Stress Sensitizes Ovarian Cancer to Proteasome Inhibitor–Induced Apoptosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) mediates targeted protein degradation. Notably, the UPS determines levels of key checkpoint proteins controlling apoptosis and proliferation by controlling protein half-life. Herein, we show that ovarian carcinoma manifests an overstressed UPS by comparison with normal tissues by accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins despite elevated proteasome levels. Elevated levels of total ubiquitinated proteins and 19S and 20S proteasome subunits are evident in both low-grade and high-grade ovarian carcinoma tissues relative to benign ovarian tumors and in ovarian carcinoma cell lines relative to immortalized surface epithelium. We find that ovarian carcinoma cell lines exhibit greater sensitivity to apoptosis in response to proteasome inhibitors than immortalized ovarian surface epithelial cells. This sensitivity correlates with increased cellular proliferation rate and UPS stress rather than absolute proteasome levels. Proteasomal inhibition in vitro induces cell cycle arrest and the accumulation of p21 and p27 and triggers apoptosis via activation of caspase-3. Furthermore, treatment with the licensed proteasome inhibitor PS-341 slows the growth of ES-2 ovarian carcinoma xenograft in immunodeficient mice. In sum, elevated proliferation and metabolic rate resulting from malignant transformation of the epithelium stresses the UPS and renders ovarian carcinoma more sensitive to apoptosis in response to proteasomal inhibition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".