The Canadian Galactic Plane Survey
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Canadian Galactic Plane Survey (CGPS) is a project to combine radio, millimeter, and infrared surveys of the Galactic plane to provide arcminute-scale images of all major components of the interstellar medium over a large portion of the Galactic disk. We describe in detail the observations for the low-frequency component of the CGPS, the radio surveys carried out at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO), and summarize the properties of the merged database of surveys that comprises the CGPS. The DRAO Synthesis Telescope surveys have imaged a 73° section of the Galactic plane, using ∼85% of the telescope time between 1995 April and 2000 June. The observations provide simultaneous radio continuum images at two frequencies, 408 and 1420 MHz, and spectral-line images of the λ = 21 cm transition of neutral atomic hydrogen. In the radio continuum at 1420 MHz, dual-polarization receivers provide images in all four Stokes parameters. The surveys cover the region 74 2 < l < 147 3, with latitude extent -3 6 < b < +5 6 at 1420 MHz and -6 7 < b < +8 7 at 408 MHz. By integration of data from single-antenna observations, the survey images provide complete information on all scales of emission structures down to the resolution limit, which is just below 1' × 1' csc δ at 1420 MHz and 3 4 × 3 4 csc δ at 408 MHz. The continuum images have a dynamic range of several thousand, yielding essentially noise-limited images with an rms of ∼0.3 mJy beam -1 at 1420 MHz and ∼3 mJy beam -1 at 408 MHz. The spectral-line data are noise limited with rms brightness temperature Δ T B ∼ 3 K in a 0.82 km s -1 channel. The complete CGPS data set, including the DRAO surveys and data at similar resolution in 12 CO (1–0) and in infrared emission from dust, all imaged to an identical Galactic coordinate grid and map projection, are being made publicly available through the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.019 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.142 | 0.051 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".