Multi-Level Coded Modulation for 16-ary Constellations in Presence of Phase Noise
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Application of multi-level coded modulation (MLCM) for 16-ary constellations in coherent systems is studied. An MLCM system with Reed-Solomon component codes and multi-stage decoder is considered. A systematic numerical method for finding set-partitioning and optimal code rates is presented. The method only requires the probability density function of received samples and can be applied to any constellation regardless of irregularity or lack of symmetry. Performance of the designed MLCM system is verified in presence of nonlinear phase noise and normal phase noise. For nonlinear phase noise limited system, it is shown that the block error rate (BLER) of the system can be improved using our approach for set-partitioning. For phase noise limited system, both BLER and bit error rate (BER) are studied for a phase noise optimized and square 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM). Post forward-error correction (FEC) BER performance of the optimized constellation over square 16QAM is studied for different levels of phase noise. It is shown that the optimized constellation along with MLCM system decreases the required signal-to-noise ratio by several dB at high phase noise regime and low post FEC BER.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".