Beta phase in polypropylene induced by shear in a single‐screw extruder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The β‐phase in polypropylene (PP) induced by shear rate in a single‐screw extruder was studied. PP samples were extruded with and without a breaker plate at the exit of the extruder at five different screw rotational speeds: 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 rpm. Differential scanning calorimeter was used to observe the melting behavior of the samples. The β‐phase was quantified by wide angle X‐ray diffraction. Extruded samples with a breaker plate showed higher values of β‐phase of PP than those extruded without a breaker plate. With a breaker plate, the maximum percentage of β‐phase was observed at 60 rpm (19.9%), whereas the maximum β‐phase content without breaker plate was observed at 40 rpm (13.6%). The higher level of β‐phase with the breaker plate was attributed to the shear rate induction and to the orientation by shear of the polymer chains through the orifices of the breaker plate. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".