Bibliographic record
Abstract
A construção problemática da identidade de imigrantes femininos, a sua tentativa de integrar-se no novo ambiente criado pela Política da Imigração Canadense do “internment” japonês durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial e o seu protesto contra esta situação humilhante são o foco do presente trabalho. A obra Obasan de Joy Kogawa apresenta uma situação na qual os imigrantes são postos em uma situação que cria conflito. O enfrentamento direto entre os imigrantes canadenses e os canadenses nativos em uma colocação desigual, desequilibrada, uma situação política específica, lembra a relação de “victim/ victimizer” discutida por Homi Bhabha e o que ele chama “a ambivalência na relação” no contexto do discurso pós-colonial. O potencial de resistência e subversão, nesta tensão, que emerge, é de particular relevância para este trabalho. O trabalho destaca a diferença entre os Issei – residentes canadenses nascidos ou criados no Japão – e os Nissei – as pessoas do origem japonesa nascidas e criadas no Canadá para mostrar como isto os leva a adotar medidas diferentes. O argumento é construído em torno do papel da cultura que explica como eles reagem a esta situação específica, o protesto silencioso de uma tia e a resistência aberta e direta à opressão ou injustiça assumida por outra tia. Concluimos que as duas obasans ou tias, na obra de Kogawa, apresentam duas formas da resistência feminina à internação no Canadá que são arraigadas nas culturas nas quais elas foram criadas.Résumé: La construction problématique de l’identité d’immigrants féminins, leur tentative de s’intégrer dans la nouvelle ambiance créée par la Politique d’Immigration Canadienne de l’“internment” japonais, pendant la II Guerre Mondiale et leur protestation contre cette situation humiliante, sont la visée du présent travail. L’oeuvre Obasan, de Joy Kogawa, présente une situation où les conflits deviennent inévitables pour les immigrants. L’affrontement direct entre les immigrants canadiens et les Canadiens natifs montre un rapport inégal, déséquilibré, une situation politique spécifique, qui les met dans un rapport de “victime/ victimaire” discuté par Homi Bhabba et qui met en évidence ce qu’il appelle ”l’ambivalence dans le rapport” dans le contexte du discours post-colonial. Le potentiel de résistance et de subversion, dans cette tension émergente, est très important dans ce travail. On y confronte la différence entre les Issei – résidants canadiens nés ou grandis au Japon – et les Nissei – les personnes d’origine japonaise nées et grandies au Canada, pour montrer comment cela les amène à adopter des mesures différentes. L’argument est construit autour du rôle de la culture, qui explique comment les personnages réagissent à cette situation spécifique, la protestation silencieuse d’une tante et la résistance ouverte et directe à l’oppression ou à l’injustice assumée par une autre tante. On conclut que les deux obasans ou tantes, dans l’ouvrage de Kogawa, présentent deux formes de résistante féminine à l’internation au Canada, des formes enracinées dans les cultures dans lesquelles elles ont été élevées.Mots-clés: identité; culture; immigrants féminins; “internment” japonais; Seconde Guerre Mondiale.Abstract: The problematic identity construction of female immigrants, their attempt to integrate into the new environment created by the Canadian Immigrant Policies for the intern Japanese during the World War II and their protest against this humiliating situation are the focus of present paper. Joy Kogawa’s Obasan presents a situation where the immigrants are posed in a conflicting situation. The direct encounter between the immigrant Canadians and the native Canadians in an unequal, unbalanced setting, a specific political situation, leads to a victim/victimizer relationship discussed by Homi Bhabha and poses them in what he calls the “ambivalence in the relationship” in the context of post-colonial discourse. The potential for resistance and subversion, in this imbalanced tension which emerges is of particular relevance to present study. The paper highlights the difference between the Issei – Canadian residents, born or raised in Japan – and the Nisei--people of Japanese extraction, born and raised in Canada to show how this distinction leads them to adopt different measures. The argument is constructed around the role of culture as they react to this specific situation, the silent protest of one aunt and the open and direct resistance to oppression or injustice by the other aunt. The paper concludes that the two obasans or aunts, in Kogawa’s novel, present two different forms of female resistance to the ordeal of internment in Canada which are rooted in the cultures in which they were brought up.Keywords: identity, culture, female immigrants, japanese internment, World War II.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.030 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".