Creep Constitutive Law of Packing Materials Based on Relaxation Tests
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The tightness of valves, compressors and pumps is ensured by superposed braided rings installed in a stuffing-box system. The nature of the packing material and structure, which is like a rectangular braided cord, influences the proper stuffing-box assembly behavior. During installation, a minimum compressive load is required to ensure a minimum level of tightness. A fairly large percentage of this axial compression load is transferred to the radial direction to generate the contact pressures at the packing-stem and packing-housing interfaces necessary for sealing.The packing is considered in several studies as a viscoelastic material with its creep-relaxation behavior assumed as one-dimensional rheological model. In the present work, relaxation tests in a test-bunch containing all the components of the packed stuffing-box, are carried out to define a creep constitutive law for packing braids of different materials. Based on three-dimensional compression tests the developed method is applied to three different packing materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".