Formation of Calcium‐Mediated Junction Zones at the Onset of the Sol‐Gel Transition of Commercial κ‐Carrageenan Solutions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gelling temperatures of commercial kappa-carrageenan solutions were measured using dynamic oscillatory shear rheometry, in response to varying polymer (0.4% to 1.6%, w/w) and added Ca(2+) (5 to 20 mM) salts. Gelling temperatures were found to shift to higher temperatures with increased polymer and Ca(2+) concentration. The Tang model was used to estimate the number of Ca(2+)-mediated cross-links formed with kappa-carrageenan at the onset of junction zone formation. Based on this model, 6 kappa-carrageenan double helices were estimated to be cross-linked by 5 Ca(2+) ions through ionic bridging and electrostatic attraction, within a cross-linking region equivalent to one pitch of the double helix.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".