System dynamics modeling of infiltration and drainage in layered coarse soil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Huang, M., Elshorbagy, A., Barbour, S. L., Zettl, J. D. and Si, B. C. 2011. System dynamics modeling of infiltration and drainage in layered coarse soil. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 185–197. A system dynamics (SD) model was developed to simulate transient infiltration and drainage processes in multilayered soils. STELLA Software was used as a stock-flow icon-based simulation environment. The developed SD model combined both physically based formulations and empirical assumptions to describe one-dimensional saturated–unsaturated water flow in the vadose zone. The model was successfully calibrated and validated using measured water contents during the infiltration and drainage phases, respectively, of a double-ring infiltration test. The simulation results were also compared with a finite element model of saturated/unsaturated flow (HYDRUS). The results showed that the SD model was capable of accurately simulating the various hydrological processes in multilayered soils, and could be a useful tool for designing reclamation covers. The simulated and measured results show that the presence of a finer sand layer overlying a coarse sand layer will increase the soil water storage at field capacity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".