Changing Rural Power Structures Through Land Tenure Reforms: The Current Dismal Role of International Organizations
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Agricultural or rural development, although generally considered to be a process to improve the economic and social conditions of poorer groups in rural areas, signifies different things to different people. The meanings vary in terms of priorities to be considered, the means needed to achieve the set goals, and how the principal actors should co-operate. This paper examines the role of leading international agencies in sponsoring land tenure reforms—a role which had vanished from the development agenda in the 1980s and early 1990s, but which has resurfaced in recent years thanks to actions by national and international civil society organizations and to grassroots mobilizations. Promoting reforms in land tenure institutions and relations is key to reducing rural disparity and improving food security, income and family welfare among marginalized rural population groups. But modifying a rural power structure to promote the interests of the poorer and weaker segments of the rural population is a complex process, and the international organizations included in the analysis have focused their activities on less politically sensitive, subsidiary issues, leaving existing rural power structures and relations largely unimpaired. The paper is based mainly on secondary material, combined with primary information and the author's observations of a number of ongoing land reform initiatives. RÉSUMÉ En général, on considère que le développement agricole ou rural est un processus visant à améliorer la condition socioéconomique des groupes démunis dans les campagnes. Ce terme signifie toutefois différentes choses pour différentes personnes. Le sens qu'on lui attribue peut varier selon les priorités à envisager, les moyens nécessaires pour atteindre les buts fixés et les formes de coopération des principaux acteurs. L'article examine le rôle des principales organisations internationales par rapport au soutien financier et technologique des réformes du régime foncier—rôle qui avait disparu des objectifs de développement dans les années 1980 et au début des années 1990, mais qui a récemment refait surface grâce à la mobilisation populaire et aux actions des groupes nationaux et internationaux de la société civile. Promouvoir une réforme des institutions et des relations du régime foncier est la clé du succès pour réduire les disparités rurales et pour améliorer la sécurité alimentaire, le revenu et le bien-être des familles marginalisées. Modifier la structure du pouvoir en milieu rural pour promouvoir les intérêts des plus démunis s'avère toutefois un processus complexe. Les organisations internationales analysées ont concentré leur action sur des questions secondaires moins délicates sur le plan politique, ce qui laissait largement intactes les structures et les relations de pouvoir en milieu rural. L'article s'appuie principalement sur des données secondaires auxquelles s'ajoutent des informations primaires et les observations de l'auteur à propos de plusieurs projets de réforme agraire en cours.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it