Negative refraction, growing evanescent waves, and sub-diffraction imaging in loaded transmission-line metamaterials
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present an analytical formulation that shows the negative refraction of propagating waves and the growth of evanescent waves within a negative refractive index (NRI) lens made of a periodically L, C loaded transmission-line (TL) network, referred to as the dual-TL structure. A transformation known as the "array scanning method" is then employed to analytically demonstrate the sub-diffraction imaging capability of a dual-TL lens. In essence, the two-dimensional (2-D) periodic Green's functions corresponding to the voltages and currents excited by a vertical elementary current source are derived. The developed theory is utilized to plot the 2-D voltage magnitude distribution for the case of focusing an elementary current source. The analysis reveals that a resolution limit is imposed by the periodicity of the NRI medium used. Moreover, the periodicity of the NRI medium bounds the amplitude of the growing evanescent waves in a realizable NRI lens and prevents them from growing to unphysically large values.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it