The Relationship between Critical Thinking and L2 Grammatical and Lexical Knowledge
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between critical thinking and L2 grammatical knowledge on the one hand, and the relationship between critical thinking and lexical knowledge on the other. To fulfill this objective, a 60-item vocabulary and grammar subtest of the TOEFL test and an 80–item Watson Glaser Critical Thinking questionnaire were distributed among 150 male and female Iranians studying English as a foreign language at Azad University in Takestan, Iran. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation procedure. The result of data analysis indicated that the correlation between vocabulary and critical thinking was not statistically significant. The correlation between grammar and critical thinking was not statistically significant either, but there was a strong trend towards a positive relationship.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.448 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it