Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones, Nitriles, and Esters Catalyzed by a Half‐Sandwich Complex of Ruthenium
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Half‐sandwich complexes [Cp(P i Pr 3 )Ru(CH 3 CN) 2 ]PF 6 ( 1 ; Cp=cyclopentadienyl) and [Cp*(phen)Ru(CH 3 CN)]PF 6 ( 2 ; Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, phen=phenanthroline) catalyse the transfer hydrogenation of ketones to alcohols, aldimines to amines, and nitriles to imines under mild conditions. In the latter process, the imine products come from the coupling of the amines formed initially with acetone derived from the reducing solvent (isopropanol). Among functionally substituted nitriles, the aldo and keto groups are reduced concomitantly with the cyano group, whereas ester and amido groups are tolerated. Amides and alkyl esters are not reduced under these conditions even upon heating to 70 °C. However, phenylbenzoates and trifluoroacetates are reduced to alcohols. Kinetic studies on the reduction of acetophenone in isopropanol established that the reaction is first order in both the substrate and the alcohol. Stoichiometric mechanistic studies showed the formation of a hydride species. A hydride mechanism was proposed to account for these observations.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it