Antenna beamwidth effects on capacity of MIMO and multi-beam phased array systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems have been the center of interest for their potential in capacity increase over single input single output (SISO) systems. Authors introduced a new approach to realize maximum achievable capacity through pattern diversity by using multi-beam phased array (PA) antennas. Results showed more than 90% of the theoretical capacity limit could be achieved even when line of sight (LOS) exists. In previous studies, omni-directional antenna elements were used. Having a directional antenna provides better spatial channel selection. In current study, the effects of beamwidth for different array configurations on both MIMO and multi-beam phased array systems capacities are investigated. Preliminary results show smaller beamwidths can provide better capacity in multi-beam phased array system, while beam selection might be more difficult than when omni-directional elements are used. A ray-tracing method was used to simulate the system performance in a realistic propagation environment
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".