Fabric, paleomagnetism, and interpretation of pre-illinoian diamictons and paleosols on Cloudy Ridge and Milk River Ridge, Alberta and Montana
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pebble fabrics and sedimentological properties indicate that pre-Wisconsinan diamictons (Kennedy Drift) on Cloudy Ridge (Alberta) and Milk River Ridge (Montana) are of glacial rather than colluvial origin. S1and S3eigenvalues of the upper units on the two ridges are typical of undeformed lodgement till whereas those of the lower unit on Milk River Ridge are typical of glacigenic sediment flow. Other properties, including compact matrices, striations on stones, mean pebble dip angles, and Schmidt equal-area stereonet patterns, suggest each unit is lodgement or basal till. Pedogenic features indicate weathering zones capping the tills are paleosols. Degree of rubification, clay, iron and aluminum buildup, and clay mineral alteration resembles those of very strongly developed soils formed in warmer and moister environments. The argument that “soil-like features” of the Cloudy Ridge unit resulted from post-burial diagenesis is disproven because nearly identical paleosols occur at the surface on Milk River Ridge and other interfluves to the south. Each unit examined has normal polarity. Based on comparisons with similar till/paleosol sequences exposed in Kennedy Drift sections on nearby interfluves, the Cloudy Ridge till and the upper till on Milk River Ridge were probably deposited during the early to middle Bruhnes Normal Chron (780 ka to present) whereas the lower till on Milk River Ridge is of earlier Brunhes age or dates back to the Olduvai (1.98 to 1.76 Ma) Normal Subchron or the Gauss Normal Chron (3.6 to 2.6 Ma).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".