Transplantation of intact rat gonads using vascular anastomosis: effects of cryopreservation, ischaemia and genotype
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A limited store of ovarian follicles is present at birth and its progressive decline during ageing is hastened by alkylating agents and ionizing radiation during treatment for cancer or autoimmune disease. Oligo- or azoospermia can arise for similar reasons in men. There is some experimental evidence showing that targeted gene deletion or drugs to produce hypogonadotrophism can protect germ cells from wastage. Another strategy for conserving fertility is to cryopreserve ovarian or testicular tissue for subsequent transplantation. To maximize gonadal function, it is desirable to preserve whole gonads for transplantation using vascular anastomosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: We investigated this strategy in the rat model. All freshly isotransplanted ovaries (n = 8) survived and resumed follicle growth and secretion and, although ischaemia for 24 h at 4 degrees C did not disrupt ovarian function, the organs had fewer follicles. Four out of seven (57%) cryopreserved transplants survived for > or =60 days, were ovulatory and one pregnancy was established, but the ovarian reserve was compromised by fewer follicles. Ovarian allotransplants were vigorously rejected, even with moderate immunosuppression using cyclosporin A. On the other hand, only three out of seven (42%) fresh testicular isotransplants had active spermatogenesis, and none of the cryopreserved testes was functional. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of gonadectomy in rats can be reversed by isotransplants, but the results are more successful with ovaries than testes, and allotransplants were never successful. Intact cryopreserved ovaries can be restored to function after transplantation with vascular anastomoses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".