Key Role of Kv1 Channels in Vasoregulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Small arteries play an essential role in the regulation of blood pressure and organ-specific blood flow by contracting in response to increased intraluminal pressure, ie, the myogenic response. The molecular basis of the myogenic response remains to be defined. To achieve incremental changes in arterial diameter, as well as blood pressure or organ-specific blood flow, the depolarizing influence of intravascular pressure on vascular smooth muscle membrane potential that elicits myogenic contraction must be precisely controlled by an opposing hyperpolarizing influence. Here we use a dominant-negative molecular strategy and pressure myography to determine the role of voltage-dependent Kv1 potassium channels in vasoregulation, specifically, whether they act as a negative-feedback control mechanism of the myogenic response. Functional Kv1 channel expression was altered by transfection of endothelium-denuded rat middle cerebral arteries with cDNAs encoding c-myc epitope-tagged, dominant-negative mutant or wild-type rabbit Kv1.5 subunits. Expression of mutant Kv1.5 dramatically enhanced, whereas wild-type subunit expression markedly suppressed, the myogenic response over a wide range of intraluminal pressures. These effects on arterial diameter were associated with enhanced and reduced myogenic depolarization by mutant and wild-type Kv1.5 subunit expression, respectively. Expression of myc-tagged mutant and wild-type Kv1.5 subunit message and protein in transfected but not control arteries was confirmed, and isolated myocytes of transfected but not control arteries exhibited anti-c-myc immunofluorescence. No changes in message encoding other known, non-Kv1 elements of the myogenic response were apparent. These findings provide the first molecular evidence that Kv1-containing delayed rectifier K+ (K(DR)) channels are of fundamental importance for control of arterial diameter and, thereby, peripheral vascular resistance, blood pressure, and organ-specific blood flow.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".