Four-Gyre Circulation in a Barotropic Model with Double-Gyre Wind Forcing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Results from a barotropic vorticity equation model driven by symmetric, double-gyre wind forcing are described. The authors work in a regime in which the model reaches a state of turbulent equilibrium. The time-average of the statistically steady state exhibits a four-gyre structure, in contrast to the usual two gyres associated with symmetric double-gyre wind forcing. The four-gyre structure is found in model runs using either free-slip or superslip boundary conditions, and with either Laplacian or biharmonic mixing for the dissipation. It is shown that the vorticity budget of both the inner and outer gyres is dominated by a balance between the wind stress curl and the divergence of the eddy potential vorticity flux, with the explicit dissipation playing a much smaller role. The two inner gyres circulate in the same sense as the wind stress curl and are equilibriated, for the most part, by the eddy flux of potential vorticity. The outer gyres, on the other hand, circulate in the opposite sense to the wind stress curl and are driven by the eddy flux of potential vorticity. It is shown that the gross features of the time-averaged state can be reproduced by a parameterized model in which the divergent part of the potential vorticity flux is represented as a downgradient transfer, and a boundary condition of no normal flux of potential vorticity is applied along the model boundaries. In contrast to the eddy resolving model, the four-gyre structure in the parameterized model depends strongly on the choice of side boundary condition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".