Four-Gyre Circulation in a Barotropic Model with Double-Gyre Wind Forcing
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Results from a barotropic vorticity equation model driven by symmetric, double-gyre wind forcing are described. The authors work in a regime in which the model reaches a state of turbulent equilibrium. The time-average of the statistically steady state exhibits a four-gyre structure, in contrast to the usual two gyres associated with symmetric double-gyre wind forcing. The four-gyre structure is found in model runs using either free-slip or superslip boundary conditions, and with either Laplacian or biharmonic mixing for the dissipation. It is shown that the vorticity budget of both the inner and outer gyres is dominated by a balance between the wind stress curl and the divergence of the eddy potential vorticity flux, with the explicit dissipation playing a much smaller role. The two inner gyres circulate in the same sense as the wind stress curl and are equilibriated, for the most part, by the eddy flux of potential vorticity. The outer gyres, on the other hand, circulate in the opposite sense to the wind stress curl and are driven by the eddy flux of potential vorticity. It is shown that the gross features of the time-averaged state can be reproduced by a parameterized model in which the divergent part of the potential vorticity flux is represented as a downgradient transfer, and a boundary condition of no normal flux of potential vorticity is applied along the model boundaries. In contrast to the eddy resolving model, the four-gyre structure in the parameterized model depends strongly on the choice of side boundary condition.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it