Solid Substrate Production of Alternaria alternata f. sp. sphenocleae Conidia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sphenoclea zeylanica (gooseweed), a major weed of paddy rice in Southeast Asia, is one of the targets in a biological weed control research program in the Philippines. A fungal pathogen, Alternaria alternata f. sp. sphenocleae , is being evaluated as a biological control agent for this weed. The feasibility of solid substrate fermentation for the mass production of A. alternata f. sp. sphenocleae has been examined. Conidia production and virulence of A. alternata f. sp. sphenocleae were affected by temperature, light, and incubation period. Abundant conidia were produced under continuous light on seeds of sorghum, hard red spring wheat, and barley at 28 o C. The greatest number of conidia was produced on sorghum seed followed by barley and oats seeds at 28 o C exposed to near-ultraviolet (NUV). More conidia were produced at 28 o C under NUV light on sorghum, barley, oats, and hard red spring wheat seeds, cornmeal, and polished rice grains than on the other substrates. Less conidia were produced on these substrates under light. At 28 o C, large numbers of virulent conidia were produced on sorghum seeds after 4 weeks of incubation under either constant light or dark. A mix of equal quantities of sorghum seeds and water (w/v) maximized conidial production. Conidia produced on sorghum seeds had a shelf life of at least 12 months when stored in production flasks under room conditions (24 - 2 o C). The use of sorghum seeds as a solid substrate for production of A. alternata f. sp. sphenocleae could be a feasible method to produce conidia in a village co-operative or cottage industry type scenario in Southeast Asia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".