Net costs of hospital-acquired and pre-admission PUs among older people hospitalised in Ontario
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the net cost of hospital-acquired and pre-admission pressure ulcers (PUs) in an acute-care setting in Ontario, Canada. METHOD: Cases of PUs were identified among hospitalised patients using Ontario Case Costing Initiative (OCCI) data from 2002-2006. Inpatient costs included direct and overhead costs.To determine the net cost of PUs, cases were matched controlling for age, gender, most responsible diagnosis and comorbidity. Mean net costs were estimated using Bayesian linear mixed models methods. Results were also reported by PU severity. RESULTS: In our study, there were 1351 cases of hospital-acquired PUs and 2523 cases of preadmission PUs over 5 years. Net cost of hospital-acquired PU ranged between CA$44000 for a category II PU to CA$90000 for a category IV PU. For pre-admission PU net cost was between CA$11 000 to CA$18500 for category II and category IV PU, respectively.The net cost of treating hospital-acquired PU is higher than pre-admission PU. Costs increase with increasing PU severity. CONCLUSION: The total net adjusted hospitalisation cost of a hospital-acquired PU in Ontario was CA$44000-90000, compared with CA$11 000-18500 for a pre-admission PU. Future studies should determine the attributable cost of PU using patient-level data to verify the accuracy of the study results.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it