Prevalence of anemia among Inuit women in Nunavik, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence and main types of anemia present among non-pregnant Inuit women of Nunavik using a representative sample. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional population-based study. Methods. Iron status was assessed in 466 women aged 18-74 who participated in the 2004 Nunavik Inuit Health Survey. The presence of different types of anemia has been evaluated based on available biochemical indicators of vitamins and of iron status. The correlation between iron status indicators, vitamin status parameters, inflammation markers and heavy metal concentrations was also assessed. RESULTS: Anemia was present in 43% of the Inuit women in Nunavik and 21% suffered from iron deficiency anemia (IDA). The main type of anemia present among women 18-49 years old was IDA (61% of anemia cases) while anemic women 50 years and over suffered mainly from anemia related to chronic inflammation (ACI) (42%). Over 99% of women had normal values for vitamin A, vitamin B12 and folate. Of interest is that ferritin was positively correlated with blood mercury and lead levels. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of anemia in Nunavik women is similar to levels observed in non-industrialized countries and represents a severe public health problem that should be further investigated. The most prevalent type of anemia in these women shifted from IDA to ACI with age. Vitamin A, vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies do not constitute a widespread problem and their contribution to anemia is probably minimal. Sources of heavy metals are also major sources of iron in the diet of Nunavik women which could explain the positive association found between heavy metals and iron status.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".