Streptozotocin-induced diabetes differentially affects sympathetic innervation and control of plantar metatarsal and mesenteric arteries in the rat
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In humans neural control of arterial vessels supplying skin in the extremities is particularly vulnerable to the effects of diabetes. Here the streptozotocin (STZ) rat model of type 1 diabetes was used to compare effects on neurovascular function in plantar metatarsal arteries (PMAs), which supply blood to skin of hind paw digits, with those in mesenteric arteries (MAs). Twelve weeks after STZ (60 mg/kg ip), wire myography was used to assess vascular function. In PMAs, lumen dimensions were unchanged but both nerve-evoked contractions and sensitivity to α(1) (phenylephrine, methoxamine)- and α(2) (clonidine)-adrenoceptor agonists were reduced. The density of perivascular nerve fibers was also reduced by ~25%. These changes were not observed in PMAs from STZ-treated rats receiving either a low dose of insulin that did not greatly reduce blood glucose levels or a high dose of insulin that markedly reduced blood glucose levels. In MAs from STZ-treated rats, nerve-evoked increases in force did not differ from control but, because lumen dimensions were ~20% larger, nerve-evoked increases in effective transmural pressure were smaller. Increases in effective transmural pressure produced by phenylephrine or α,β-methylene ATP in MAs from STZ-treated rats were not smaller than control, but the density of perivascular nerve fibers was reduced by ~10%. In MAs, the increase in vascular dimensions is primarily responsible for reducing effectiveness of nerve-evoked constrictions. By contrast, in PMAs decreases in both the density of perivascular nerve fibers and the reactivity of the vascular muscle appear to explain impairment of neurovascular transmission.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".