Seasonal abundance and synchrony between<i>Laricobius nigrinus</i>(Coleoptera: Derodontidae) and its prey, the hemlock woolly adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Laricobius nigrinusFender, native to the Pacific Northwest, is being evaluated as a potential biological control agent of the hemlock woolly adelgid,Adelges tsugaeAnnand, in the eastern United States. Members of the genusLaricobiusfeed exclusively on adelgids.Adelges tsugaeis found on hemlocks (Tsugasp.) in North America and Asia, but is considered only a pest of eastern [Tsuga canadensis(L.) Carrière] and Carolina (Tsuga carolinianaEngelmann) hemlocks in eastern North America. This is the first detailed study of the life history ofL. nigrinusand its interaction withA. tsugae. Results of a 2-year field study conducted in a seed orchard in British Columbia on the seasonal abundance ofL. nigrinusand its prey,A. tsugae, revealed that (i) the sistens generation ofA. tsugaematures 2-3 months earlier than previously reported in Virginia and Connecticut, (ii) noA. tsugaesexuparae were observed, which differs from findings in Virginia and Connecticut, (iii)L. nigrinusadults undergo an aestival diapause that coincides with diapausing first instarA. tsugaesistens, and (iv) oviposition and subsequent larval development ofL. nigrinuscoincides with oviposition by theA. tsugaesistens adults, indicating good synchrony betweenL. nigrinusand suitable prey stages ofA. tsugae.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".