Regiospecific synthesis of lactose analog Gal-(β 1,4)-Xyl by transgalactosylation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A short enzymatic synthesis of disaccharide 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-xylose (1) has been developed, which is of interest as a lactose analog for a non-invasive medicinal determination of lactose intolerance. The starting material, benzyl α-D-xyloside, was obtained by a Fischer-type glycosidation of D-xylose with benzyl alcohol, followed by anomeric differentiation of mixed glycosides using a glycosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. From several commercial β-galactosidases, which were screened for their transgalactosylation capacity, the enzyme from Escherichia coli was found to catalyze a virtually regio- and stereospecific galactosyl transfer from donor compounds o-nitrophenyl β-D-galactoside or lactose to the α-D-xyloside. Subsequent hydrogenolytic deprotection furnished desired disaccharide 1.Key words: oligosaccharide synthesis, β-galactosidase, lactose intolerance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".