Nocturnal haemodialysis is associated with improved vascular smooth muscle cell biology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Conventional haemodialysis (CHD) is associated with a reduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation and an increase in apoptosis. METHODS: VSMC proliferation, migration, apoptosis and Runx2 expression were assessed under normal conditions (n = 4) and before and after conversion from CHD to NHD (n = 15). RESULTS: Compared to normal, CHD is associated with a reduction in VSMC proliferation [0.49 +/- 0.07 (CHD) versus 1.34 +/- 0.02 RFU, P < 0.01], an augmented caspase-3 activity [0.30 +/- 0.02 (CHD) versus 0.22 +/- 0.02 RFU, P = 0.014] and a 1.4 +/- 0.3 fold increase in Runx2 expression. After conversion to NHD, VSMC proliferation was higher than during CHD [from 0.49 +/- 0.07 (CHD) to 0.68 +/- 0.09 RFU, P = 0.006] and approached that of controls (1.34 +/- 0.02, P > 0.05). Caspase-3 activity was restored to similar values as controls [0.26 +/- 0.02 (NHD) versus 0.22 +/- 0.04 (normal), P > 0.05]. Runx2 expression decreased to similar levels as normal controls. NHD enhanced dialysis dose delivery, lowered blood pressure, plasma parathyroid hormone levels and normalized plasma phosphate (from 1.7 +/- 0.1 to 1.2 +/- 0.1 mmol/L, P < 0.01). The reduction in plasma phosphate correlated with the change in VSMC proliferation (r = -0.71, P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that NHD is associated with restoration of abnormal VSMC biology in ESRD. Given the increasing importance of VSMCs in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and medial calcification, these data may have important implications for vascular risk in ESRD patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".