A combined CELP/Reed-Solomon codec for mobile radio applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The performance of an error-protected speech codec for mobile radio applications is investigated. The speech codec is a 4 kb/s variation of the proposed Federal Standard 1016 CELP. The major difference is the use of a trained codebook (as opposed to a stochastic codebook in the proposed standard). The channel codec on the other hand, consists of a bank of rate-compatible punctured Reed-Solomon (RS) codes. The two subsystems are combined in an optimal fashion, according to the sensitivity of the speech elements. This implies that the most sensitive bits are protected by the most powerful RS codes, while the least sensitive bits are (either uncoded or) protected by the least powerful code. The performance of such a combined codec under different sets of system parameters and channel conditions is studied. In all cases, though, the aggregate rate is fixed at about 6.4 kb/s. The simulation results show that under the condition that there is no interleaving delay, the resulting codec can provide good quality speech at a channel bit error rate as high as 10/sup -2/.>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".