Récits idéologiques et logique démocratique : pour une réévaluation de l'idéologie à partir de Claude Lefort et Paul Ricoeur
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Résumé.Mon objectif est de mettre de l'avant une dimension souvent négligée du discours idéologique, dimension positive qui en fait un type de récit politique permettant à un groupe de se nommer et de se définir. Je cherche plus précisément à compléter l'analyse de l'idéologie proposée par Claude Lefort en m'appuyant sur les observations qu'offre Paul Ricoeur sur ce phénomène. Lefort, lecteur de Marx, semble mettre essentiellement de l'avant la dimension dissimulatrice de l'idéologie. Pourtant, il aurait selon moi tout à gagner à reconnaître sa dimension positive, dimension jouant un rôle essentiel dans la construction de l'imaginaire social collectif. Mon hypothèse est la suivante : il ne faut pas négliger cet apport positif du discours idéologique, reconnu par Ricoeur, puisque ce discours, aussi longtemps qu'il reste bien visible, est un moteur essentiel du jeu démocratique. Même quand l'idéologie s'expose comme pur discours de domination, servant à défendre les intérêts d'une classe dominante, elle nourrit la compétition ou la logique démocratique en s'offrant comme un discours d'autorité auquel on peut réagir. L'étude du mouvement du discours idéologique, mouvement entre affirmation et dissimulation, permettrait même d'offrir de nouvelles perspectives de réponse au problème de la crise de l'imaginaire social qui occupe Lefort à l'époque où il publie ses textes sur l'idéologie, à la fin des années soixante-dix. Abstract.Ideology is often perceived as an instrument used by a group of people to secure its domination over others. It is used to disguise certain aspects of social reality. I want to bring forward another dimension of ideology, a positive dimension that makes it a necessary component of the affirmation, and therefore the births, of social groups. To do this, I wish to supplement French philosopher Claude Lefort's analysis of ideology with the addition of a few ideas inspired by the work of one of his peers, Paul Ricoeur. Lefort, a reader of Marx, focuses essentially on the dissimulative dimension of this phenomenon. By doing so, he does not take into consideration its role in the construction of social imaginaries. I wish to argue that this positive aspect of ideology, acknowledged by Ricoeur, plays an essential role in the democratic experience, as long as the ideological discourse remains visible for everyone. Even when this discourse presents itself solely as an instrument of domination used by a class in order to preserve its own interests, it sustains the internal logic of democracy. By establishing itself as the main discourse of authority, its legitimacy will undoubtedly be put into question in the course of the democratic competition for power. It nourishes this competition. I feel that the study of this movement of ideology between affirmation and dissimulation can even offer new solutions to the crisis of the social imaginary diagnosed by Lefort during the 1970s, when he wrote his essays on ideology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.020 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".