Prevalence and Determinants of Genital Infection with Papillomavirus, in Female and Male University Students in Busan, South Korea
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in young adults in Asia. METHODS: We invited female and male students in Busan, South Korea, to participate in a survey that included, for females, self-collection of vaginal cells and, for males, physician-performed collection of exfoliated genital cells. The prevalences of 25 HPV types were evaluated, by a polymerase chain reaction-based assay, in 672 female students (median age, 19 years) and in 381 male students (median age, 22 years). RESULTS: HPV DNA was detected more frequently in female students (15.2%) than in male students (8.7%); in both sexes, high-risk HPV types were predominant. Among sexually active students, HPV prevalence was 38.8% in females and 10.6% in males. In female students, currently smoking cigarettes and having multiple lifetime sex partners were the strongest risk factors for HPV infection; in male students, associations between HPV prevalence and sexual habits were similar to those in female students but never attained statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Young women in South Korea start having penetrative sexual intercourse relatively late (median age, 18 years), but, once they begin, HPV prevalence quickly rises to levels comparable with those found in university students in the United States and in northern Europe. The high rate of participation in our study suggests that trials of new vaccines against HPV may be feasible among university students in South Korea.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it