Effects of hyperoxia on VEGF, its receptors, and HIF-2α in the newborn rat lung
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Signaling through the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-VEGF-VEGF receptor system (VEGF signaling system) leads to angiogenesis and epithelial cell proliferation and is a key mechanism regulating alveolarization in lungs of newborn rats. Hyperoxia exposure (>95% O2 days 4-14) arrests lung alveolarization and may do so through suppression of the VEGF signaling system. Lung tissue mRNA levels of HIF-2alpha and VEGF increased from days 4-14 in normoxic animals, but hyperoxia suppressed these increases. Levels of HIF-2alpha and VEGF mRNA were correlated in the air but not the O2-treated group, suggesting that the low levels of HIF-2alpha observed at high O2 concentrations are not stimulating VEGF expression. VEGF164 protein levels increased with developmental age, and with hyperoxia to day 9, but continuing hyperoxia decreased levels by day 12. VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 mRNA expression also increased in air-exposed animals, and these, too, were significantly decreased by hyperoxia by day 9 and day 12, respectively. Receptor protein levels did not increase with development; however, O2 did decrease protein to less than air values. Hyperoxic suppression of VEGF signaling from days 9-14 may be one mechanism by which alveolarization is arrested.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".