Ring-hybrid microwave voltage-variable attenuator using HFET transistors
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, a voltage-variable microwave attenuator circuit is presented. The input signal first enters a rat-race power splitter where a 0/spl deg/ and a 180/spl deg/ pair of signals is generated. The 0/spl deg/ signal passes through a common-gate field-effect transistor (FET) that is fully turned on, with its gate voltage set to 0 V. The 180/spl deg/ signal enters another common-gate transistor biased in the triode region. By changing the gate voltage of the second FET, the amplitude of the 180/spl deg/ signal is varied. The in-phase and out-of-phase signals are summed at the output and variable attenuation is achieved. The concept was demonstrated experimentally from 3.0 to 3.4 GHz and a variable attenuation from 6 to 30 dB was achieved. The phase response is linear over the frequency band and exhibits a group delay of 0.71 ns. The input 1-dB compression point of the attenuator is 0 dBm and the second harmonic suppression is 18.5 dB at 0-dBm input power.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it