Performance-Enhanced and Symmetric Full-Space Scanning End-Switched CRLH LWA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An end-switched composite right/left-handed (CRLH) electronically scanned leaky-wave antenna (eLWA) is presented. The input signal is routed to either end of the CRLH eLWA via a switch, with each end providing half-space scanning (-90° ≤ θ ≤ 0°) . The end-switching scheme, which is applicable to any two-port LWA, enables full-space coverage using any half-space scanning only LWA. Compared to a conventional single-ended CRLH eLWA, which scans the full-space requiring a complex design, large capacitance values, and tuning range, the end-switched scheme simplifies the design and relaxes the constraints on the varactors, which lowers their cost. The conventional CRLH eLWA also suffers from a large scanning loss due to its large scanning range and from low efficiency due to its requirement for large capacitance values, which exhibit high loss. The end-switched CRLH eLWA reduces the scanning loss due to its smaller scanning range, while improving the efficiency due to its low capacitance values.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".