Detection of rtN236T and rtA181V/T Mutations Associated with Resistance to Adefovir Dipivoxil in Samples from Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection by the INNO-LiPA HBV DR Line Probe Assay (Version 2)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The nucleotide analog adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) is an effective antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, with resistance to ADV estimated to occur less frequently than resistance to lamivudine treatment. The detection of ADV resistance mutations is necessary during therapy to monitor and anticipate possible treatment failure. The INNO-LiPA HBV DR v2 (LiPA; Innogenetics, Ghent, Belgium) is a DNA hybridization line probe assay for the detection of HBV polymerase mutations associated with resistance to lamivudine and ADV. Evaluation of this assay to detect ADV resistance mutations was performed by analyzing 38 patients treated with ADV. Serial samples taken at 6-month intervals during treatment were available for most patients. A total of 124 samples were analyzed by both LiPA and sequencing. By LiPA analysis, 12 patients (31.5%) were found to have mutations associated with resistance to ADV (rtA181V/T and/or rtN236T). This contrasted with sequence analysis, which found nine patients (24%) with either or both mutations. Twice as many samples were rtN236T positive by LiPA (18 of 124) compared to sequence analysis (9 of 124). LiPA detected the rtN236T mutation at least 6 months earlier than its detection by sequencing in patients for whom consecutive serum samples were available. Although less sensitive, sequencing has the advantage of providing information on other polymerase mutations not represented on LiPA strips. The INNO-LiPA HBV DR v2 assay is a very sensitive and specific assay for the detection of the rtN236T mutation associated with resistance to ADV.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".