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Record W2155180872 · doi:10.1200/jco.2012.46.9460

Off-Label Use of Cancer Drugs: A Benchmark Is Established

2013· letter· en· W2155180872 on OpenAlex
Monika K. Krzyzanowska

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Clinical Oncology · 2013
Typeletter
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicPharmaceutical studies and practices
Canadian institutionsInstitute for Clinical Evaluative SciencesPrincess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity of Toronto
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMedicineCancerOff-label useCancer drugsOncologyPharmacologyInternal medicineIntensive care medicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Off-labelprescribing,whichisbroadlydefinedastheprescribing of drugs outside of the marketing authorization determined by a licensing body such as the US Food and Drug Administration, is a controversial issue. On the pro side, off-label prescribing allows individualclinicianstomaketheultimatedecisionastowhetheror notaparticularlicenseddrugisofpotentialbenefittoanindividual patient. There are a number of circumstances in which a physician may be compelled to prescribe off label, some of which may be considered more appropriate than others. Early use of an already licensed drug in a setting that is supported by data from a newly reported randomized study, but that has not yet been vetted through the drug approval process, may be an example of a more appropriateoff-labeluse.Thismaybeparticularlysalientwhenthe approval process is slow, thus limiting access of patients and providers to effective treatments in a timely manner. Additionally, for many cancers, notably rare tumors, there may never be enough evidencetosupportalabelingindicationbecauseoftheinabilityto conduct the appropriate trial as a result of inadequate patient numbers or lack of financial incentives. Not surprisingly, a previous survey found that American oncologists do discuss off-label use with their patients and feel comfortable prescribing for offlabel indications in some circumstances. 1

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.009
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch, Research integrity, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesResearch integrity
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Commentary · Consensus signal: Commentary
Teacher disagreement score0.189
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.009
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0040.001
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0020.008
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0050.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.347
GPT teacher head0.559
Teacher spread0.213 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it