Genetic structure of rheophytic and nonrheophytic populations of <i>Farfugium japonicum</i> on Yaeyama Islands, Japan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Farfugium japonicum (L.f.) Kitam., a facultative rheophyte occupying both dryland and riparian habitats within the species range, exhibits various shapes of leaves ranging from stenophyllous to round. The present study assesses variability in leaf morphology (five leaf characters) and genetics (305 AFLP markers) for populations from dryland and riparian habitats on Yaeyama Islands, Japan. Results from the two datasets produced somewhat different patterns indicating that selection for habitat type is effective on leaf shape attributes, while lack of differentiation was observed for neutral markers caused by extensive gene flow. Leaf-shape attributes were clustered into three groups: shade (round), sun (round), and narrow (stenophyllous) leaves. Narrow leaves were only found in riparian populations, indicating that flood intensity acts as a selective agent for this attribute. Although high within-population variation was demonstrated by AMOVA, the populations were distinct enough to be classified in separate groups irrespective of habitat type. However, Nei’s genetic diversity index (H) was low; suggesting lack of barriers to gene flow among individuals and selection for narrow leaves may act on the survivorship of young seedling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".