Low-frequency noise in a-Se based x-ray photoconductors
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report on the excess, low-frequency noise in pin-like amorphous selenium alloy structures that are used in direct-conversion x-ray imaging detectors. These are the first measurements of the noise power density spectrum in these structures under reverse bias. Of the two samples measured, one has a noise spectrum that fits well to a 1=f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">α</sup> power law with α near one. The 1=f noise is not atypical except for a nonlinear dependence on d.c. current at fields above 5 Vµm. The variance in correlated double sampling measurements of the noise signal is calculated and related to the 1=f noise spectrum. The other sample has a white noise spectrum down to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−2</sup> Hz. The white noise of the second sample is larger than the 1=f noise and is likely masking the 1=f noise over the measured frequency range. The origin of the white noise is not known.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it