Temporary Solidification of Coarse Grained Soil by Magnetorheological Fluids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) are suspensions of micron-sized, magnetizable particles in a base fluid such as water, oil, or silicon, that freely transition from fluid to semi-fluid to solid states when subjected to magnetic fields. The present paper explores the usage of MRFs to temporarily solidify coarse-grained soils. The laboratory testing program included hydraulic conductivity tests of MRF through Ottawa 20–30 sand; bender element tests to investigate how small strain shear modulus varies with applied magnetic field strength, and direct shear tests to evaluate the strength of MRF-solidified soil. The tests revealed that solidification of a soil with MRF results in very large increases in small strain shear modulus and strength and considerable reduction in hydraulic conductivity. However, only medium to coarse sands could be permeated by the MRF as clogging of the pores occurs in finer-grained materials. Practical applications for MRF-solidification and future research needs are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".