REPERTOIRE, STRUCTURE, AND INDIVIDUAL DISTINCTIVENESS OF THICK-BILLED MURRE CALLS1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We describe the vocal repertoires of Thick-billed Murre (Uria lomvia) adults and chicks during the breeding season. Using recordings from throughout the chick-rearing period, we identified four distinct calls of chicks and six of adults. We present sonograms and quantitative descriptions of each call and summarize the behavioral context in which they were used. Chick calls are mostly flute-like sounds at approximately the same pitch that tend to develop from a simple peep during hatching through a rapidly frequency-modulated departure call, given shortly before, during, and after they leave the colony at fledging. Departure calls appear to facilitate interactions between the chick and the attending male parent during this risky period for the chick. Adult calls are lower pitched and sound more gruff, with different call types having significantly different pitch, duration, and number of syllables. Among-individual variation in the crow calls of adults accounts for 44% of the measured variation in this call and indicates the potential for individual recognition, such as the recognition of parents' calls by their chicks, which we have previously documented. Temporal features may form the basis of recognition of adult calls in this species, given that they accounted for twice as much variation as frequency features among individual adults.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".