Capillary electrophoretic separation of inorganic sulfur–sulfide, polysulfides, and sulfur‐oxygen species
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A CE protocol was developed for the identification and separation of inorganic polysulfides simultaneously with other inorganic sulfur-bearing species coexisting in aqueous hydrosulfide/sulfur solutions. The electrophoretic separation of thiosulfate, sulfate, hydrosulfide, sulfite, tetrathionate, and polysulfides was achieved at pH values between 8.2 and 12.2. The peaks attributed to the polysulfide species were strongly sensitive to pH. CE analysis of hydrosulfide/sulfur solutions at different pH values permitted possible identification of two forms of polysulfides: S4(2-) and S3(2-). Upon exposure to air at ambient temperature, thiosulfate was the main oxidation product of hydrosulfide/sulfur solutions mainly in the first 60 min, when hydrosulfide was rapidly consumed. Analysis of the oxidation reaction products provided retrospectively tentative evidence that the peaks separated and identified as tri- and tetrasulfide may be ascribed to polysulfides.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".