Characterization of the Mixed Oxide Layer Structure of the Ti/SnO<sub>2</sub>-Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>Anode by Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Impedance Spectroscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The in-depth chemistry of a Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5 anode was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy combined with ion etching. The coating was found to be composed of multiple layers of tin and titanium oxides and composition gradients at both the oxide-air and oxide-metal interfaces. The existence of such an extensive titanium oxide layer may be related to the fabrication of the Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5 anode and subsequent inter-diffusion of species. Also, the surface tin oxide layer was found to be non-stoichiometric, which, in relation to the extensive titanium oxide structure, could be explained by a migration of oxygen toward the Ti substrate. Electrochemical tests showed that the film was unstable and continued to grow under anodic polarization. Impedance spectroscopy displayed a continuum in the dielectric relaxation time constants with depth. This variation in relaxation time constants was proposed to be caused by the continuous variation of the composition in the film.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".