Influence of habitat, trophic ecology and lipids on, and spatial trends of, organochlorine contaminants in Arctic marine invertebrates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Organochlorine contaminants (OCs) and stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) were determined in 7 benthic and 7 pelagic marine invertebrate species from the North American Arctic to identify factors influencing OC concentrations. Values of δ 13C separated benthic (enriched in 13C) from pelagic species and δ15N values gave a logical approximation of trophic level (TL). With few exceptions, OC concentrations in invertebrates were low (most were <5 ng g-1 wet wt) relative to the same or similar species in temperate waters and in the range expected for lower TL Arctic organisms. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were the predominant OC group and lower chlorinated PCB congeners and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers were the most common individual OCs in most species. Relatively higher levels of PCBs and high proportions of highly chlorinated PCB congeners were found in a small number of the pelecypod samples (Mytilus edulis and Mya truncata), suggesting that local harbors and communities can be point sources of PCBs in the Arctic. The OC concentrations (wet wt) varied by up to 2 orders of magnitude among species and were more variable among the benthic invertebrates. Lipid content, δ13C and δ15N were significant variables related to OC concentration, but differences among species remained after accounting for these variables. Scavenging, high TL, high lipid content and local point sources can all contribute to higher OC concentrations in Arctic marine invertebrates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".